A business impact analysis (BIA) is the method of identifying and assessing the impact of disruptions on different business activities through data gathering.
Disruptions are different factors that impact a business's financial and operational functions. Disruptive factors can include lost or delayed sales, lost or delayed income, unexpected expenses, expected but increased expenses, employee dissatisfaction, customer dissatisfaction, etc.
The data gathered is used for business continuity planning, risk assessment, and the development of prevention, mitigation, and recovery strategies.